Objective To evaluate renal anemia in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis, analyze factors affecting hemoglobin in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis, and guide clinical intervention and treatment. Methods The demographic characteristics and clinical data of 238 patients with peritoneal dialysis who were regularly followed up in the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Hematocrystalin (Hb)≥110 g/L was used as the cutoff value. They were divided into the qualified Hb group (Hb≥110 g/L) and the unqualified Hb group (Hb<110 g/L). Both groups were compared in terms of gender, age, basic disease, biochemical examination, urea clearance index (KT/V), peritoneal balance test results, and other factors. In this center, the qualified rate of hemoglobin treatment and its influencing factors in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were analyzed. Results ①The mean Hb of recruited patients was (103.85±19.13) g/L. There were 108 cases (45.38%) in the qualified Hb group and 130 cases (54.62%) in the unqualified Hb group. ② Univariate analysis showed that the Hb level was positively related to total KT/V (r=0.282, P<0.05), peritoneal KT/V (r=0.230, P<0.05) and ultra-filtration amount (r=0.146, P<0.05), which was negatively correlated with body mass index (r=0.154, P<0.05). ③ Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), low albumin, creatinine, and ultrafiltration volume were risk factors for Hb in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Conclusion A patient's BMI, albumin, creatinine, and ultrafiltration volume may be used to predict eligibility for Hb therapy during peritoneal dialysis. It is more likely that Hb would qualify for peritoneal dialysis patients with a lower BMI, a higher ultra-filtration volume, and a higher peritoneal KT/V and total KT/V.