Central nervous system and peripheral organs communicate through extensive bidirectional networks involving neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways, collectively referred to as the “brain-body axis”. In recent years, concepts such as the heart-brain axis, gut-brain axis, lung-brain axis, skin-brain axis, muscle-brain axis, and urogenital-brain axis have been progressively expanded, and brain-body interaction has been regarded as a core organizational mechanism underlying whole-body homeostasis and adaptive regulation. Dynamic balance of the brain-body axis sustains health; its dysregulation provides the pathophysiological basis for the coexistence of multisystem diseases and psychosomatic disorders. This article systematically summarizes the core pathways and major organ axes of brain-body interaction, elucidates the relationship between brain-body axis imbalance and psychosomatic disorders, and proposes an integrated therapeutic strategy for psychosomatic disorders. The central goal of this strategy is to restore coordinated brain-body information flow.

Objective To systematically evaluate qualitative studies on clinical care and rehabilitation experiences in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to provide reference for constructing a patient-centered, whole-course care, nursing, and health management plan. Methods Qualitative studies were retrieved from relevant databases from database inception to June 30, 2026. The studies were synthesized and analyzed using a meta-integration approach. Results A total of eight Chinese and English studies were included, yielding four integrated findings: (1) delays in seeking care were common; (2) low-value aspects existed within clinical diagnosis and treatment; (3) postoperative urinary catheter care imposed physical and psychological burdens, and household caregiving pressure was high; and (4) self-management was weak and social support was insufficient. Conclusion Healthcare institutions should focus on patients’ needs across the entire care period, improve health education resources, optimize referral clinic workflows, refine humanistic perioperative nursing care, and establish a continuum-of-care system. They should also collaborate with communities and families to build a diversified support network.

Objective To examine the prospective effect of time-updated discrepancies between subjective and objective health on incident depression in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2020), 6 193 middle-aged and older participants aged ≥50 years without depression at baseline were included (15 892 person-periods). Four time-updated phenotypes were defined by self-rated health and chronic disease comorbidity. A discrete-time complementary log-log survival model was used to evaluate the risk of depression. Results During follow-up, 2 845 incident depression cases occurred. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the group with good self-rated health and no comorbidity, the risk of incident depression was significantly increased in the group with poor self-rated health and no comorbidity (HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.39-1.71), the group with good self-rated health but with comorbidity (HR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.14-1.71), and the group with poor self-rated health and comorbidity (HR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.88-2.36). No significant interactions were observed across clinical subgroups (all interaction P>0.05). Conclusion Health phenotypes were associated with incident depressive symptoms; the highest risk was observed among individuals with both poor self-rated health and multimorbidity. Joint evaluation of subjective and objective health may help identify individuals at elevated risk of depressive symptoms.

Objective To investigate the associations of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)with depressive symptoms and short-term treatment response. Methods This study employed a two-stage analytical framework. In the first stage, a nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018 was used to systematically evaluate the linear, nonlinear, and symptom-specific associations between NLR and depressive symptoms. In the seesidual symptoms, and short-term treatment response, as well as its incremental model performance. Results In the NHANES population, the fully adjusted linear association between standardized log(NLR) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥10 was not statistically significant (OR=1.041, 95%CI: 0.980-1.106), although a nonlinear association was observed (P_nonlinear=0.007). In the hospital-based cohort, each 1-standard-deviation increase in baseline standardized log(NLR) was associated with a mean increase of 0.567 points in the 8-week 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD-17) score (95%CI: 0.038-1.095, P=0.036). Conclusion NLR appears to have a limited association with current symptom severity but may provide modest prognostic information regarding short-term outcomes.

Objective To investigate the association between albumin-corrected anion gap (corrected AG) and cognitive performance among older adults in the United States. Methods Adults aged ≥60 years from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Complex survey-weighted regression, quartile analyses, and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of corrected AG with overall cognitive performance and performance across different cognitive domains. Results A total of 2, 530 participants were included. For each 1-standard-deviation increase in corrected AG, the overall cognitive Z score decreased by 0.055 (95%CI, -0.083 to -0.028; P<0.001). Four secondary cognitive outcomes remained statistically significant after false discovery rate correction, with no evidence of nonlinearity. Conclusion Higher corrected AG was associated with poorer overall cognitive performance in older adults. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further validate this association.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of olanzapine combined with oxazepam (combination group) and olanzapine monotherapy (monotherapy group) in patients with schizophrenia and anxiety symptoms. Methods A total of 64 female patients with schizophrenia and anxiety symptoms of our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled, with 32 patients in each group. Anxiety and psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively, at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. The dynamic changes in treatment efficacy, correlations between symptom improvements, differences in response and remission rates, and adverse events during treatment were compared between the two groups. Results Significant main effects of time were observed for both HAMA and PANSS total scores. A significant group×time interaction was observed for the PANSS total score, with the combination group showing superior efficacy to the monotherapy group from week 2 onward. For HAMA, only the main effect of group was significant, whereas the group×time interaction was not statistically significant. Overall, no significant correlations were observed between changes in HAMA and PANSS scores during any assessment interval, except for a weak correlation between the reduction in HAMA score and the reduction in PANSS positive-symptom score from baseline to week 2. At week 4, the anxiety response rate was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (71.88% vs 25.00%). By week 8, the anxiety response rate was 100.00% in both groups, whereas only 9.38% of patients in the combination group achieved anxiety remission. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Olanzapine combined with oxazepam may accelerate the early improvement of psychotic symptoms and enhance the early anxiety response in patients with schizophrenia and anxiety symptoms without increasing short-term adverse events. However, its benefit for long-term complete remission of anxiety appears limited, and improvements in anxiety and psychotic symptoms appear to be relatively independent. Therefore, short-term, early, and as-needed use of oxazepam in combination with olanzapine is recommended.

Objective To observe changes in symptoms and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia during maintenance treatment with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection. Methods Case report forms of 15 patients who were treated at Shandong Daizhuang Hospital from February 2022 to January 2026 were reviewed. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scores were compared at baseline and at the last follow-up. Results The median follow-up duration was 366 days. PANSS total score decreased from 72 to 41, CGI-S decreased from 5 to 3, and PSP increased from 55 to 78 (all P<0.01). Conclusion Overall, symptom and functional scores improved in this group; however, the lack of a controlled design precludes causal inference.

Objective General hospitals carry a substantial burden of psychosomatic diseases. Stress-relief clinics provide a feasible entry point to bridge the gap between the supply and demand of psychosomatic services. This article reports the development pathway of the stress-relief clinic model and provide initial observations of its early operation. Methods This report is a single-center practice summary. The observation period was from November 2025 to September 2026. The report describes the construction process of a closed-loop service pathway for the stress-relief clinic (“assessment-intervention-diagnosis and treatment-follow-up”), an evidence-based mindfulness curriculum system, and a joint stress-relief demonstration outpatient clinic developed through collaboration between military and local health sectors. Results During the observation period, a total of 240 person-times participated in the stress-relief workshops. Among participants who completed the mindfulness course, scores for depression, anxiety, and insomnia decreased after intervention compared with baseline, while mindfulness levels increased. The difference between the decrease in insomnia scores and the increase in mindfulness levels was statistically significant (P<0.05). A total of 129 patients with psychosomatic comorbidities who received integrated psychosomatic management had an approximately 35% reduction in repeat visit rate within 1 year. Liaison consultations have been implemented across departments including cardiology, gastroenterology, and neurology. Conclusion This model is feasible and replicable, and can provide a practical reference for integrating psychosomatic services in general hospitals.

Objective To summarize Professor Du Jian’s clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue, insomnia, and emotional distress during cancer treatment. Methods Three outpatient cases were retrospectively reviewed, and the relevant literature was also reviewed. Results The cases illustrated dynamic adjustment of treatment goals, the coexistence of psychosomatic symptoms, and etiological screening for symptoms. The clinical approach can be summarized as “ruling out underlying causes first, followed by pattern differentiation, identifying the predominant symptoms, and dynamically adjusting the treatment priorities”. Conclusion The management of multiple symptoms during cancer treatment should integrate etiological screening, disease and pattern differentiation, nutritional guidance, and dynamic adjustment based on follow-up visits. Follow-up of cancer-related indicators should also be incorporated. This comprehensive approach may provide a reference for coordinated psychosomatic management using traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and management strategies of antidepressant-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in patients with comorbid parkinsonism and anxiety/depression, and to summarize clinical experience in the diagnosis and management of such comorbid conditions from an integrated neuropsychiatric perspective. Methods The clinical data of a patient with parkinsonism who developed severe hyponatremia after the antidepressant regimen was switched to venlafaxine were retrospectively reviewed. The case was analyzed in conjunction with the relevant literature, with a focus on pharmacological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management strategies. Results The patient was a 70-year-old man who had received long-term antidepressant treatment for anxiety and depression. After switching to venlafaxine, he developed severe hyponatremia (serum sodium, 126 mmol/L), manifested by worsening bilateral lower-extremity weakness, poor mental status, and dysarthria. These manifestations were difficult to distinguish from progression of Parkinson's disease and recurrence of depression. Laboratory findings were consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH. After discontinuation of venlafaxine and sodium supplementation, serum sodium levels returned to normal, accompanied by marked improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms. A literature review identified 4 similar cases of comorbid conditions, all reported as individual case reports, with delayed diagnosis being a common feature. Conclusion Patients with comorbid parkinsonism and anxiety/depression are at substantial risk of developing SIADH when treated with serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). When unexplained worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms occurs in such patients, metabolic abnormalities such as hyponatremia should be ruled out first. Routine monitoring of serum sodium levels and multidisciplinary collaborative management are recommended.

The incidence of depression in patients with refractory heart failure is significantly higher than that in the general population, and these patients often have more severe disease and poorer outcomes. Loss of meaning in life may be one of the causes of the onset and worsening of depression. Building on recent advances in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, this article proposes possible solutions. By establishing a collaborative mechanism between cardiovascular specialists and psychiatrists, patients can receive simultaneous treatment for heart failure and psychological therapy, thereby improving the development and progression of depression in refractory heart failure.