Construction of a sleep disorder risk prediction model for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on LASSO-logistic regression

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.02.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the risk factors for sleep disorders in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), and to develop a risk prediction model, thus providing references for the early clinical identification of high-risk individuals. Methods A total of 222 patients who received MHD between June 2024 to June 2025 were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory indicators were collected. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with PSQI ≥7 indicating the presence of sleep disorders. Candidate predictors were first screened using univariate analysis, followed by variable shrinkage and selection via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Variables retained in the LASSO model were subsequently entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to construct a nomogram. Prediction performance of the nomogram, including discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, was comprehensively evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, bootstrap internal validation, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The incidence of sleep disorders in this study was 56.31% (125/222). LASSO-logistic regression showed that age, dialysis duration, anxiety, depression, uremic pruritus, and restless legs syndrome were independent risk factors for sleep disorders in patients treated with MHD, whereas higher serum calcium levels played a protective role (all P<0.05). The nomogram constructed based on these factors yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.928(95%CI: 0.894-0.962). The calibration curve showed good agreement between predicted and observed values, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ²=4.14, P=0.844) indicated good calibration performance. DCA demonstrated that the nomogram provided a considerable net clinical benefit across a threshold probability range of 0.05-0.75. Conclusion The nomogram constructed based on age, dialysis duration, anxiety, depression, uremic pruritus, restless legs syndrome, and serum calcium level can effectively predict the risk of sleep disorders in MHD patients, facilitating early identification and intervention for high-risk groups.

Key words: sleep disorders, maintenance hemodialysis, LASSO regression, logistic regression, nomogram, risk prediction model

CLC Number:

R749.7

Wang Jingjing, Jiang Qianqian, Gao Ju, Zhou Yeping. Construction of a sleep disorder risk prediction model for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on LASSO-logistic regression[J]. Clinical Focus, 2026, 41(2): 148-154.

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https://www.lchc.cn/EN/Y2026/V41/I2/148

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References 21

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变量	睡眠障碍组(n=125)	无睡眠障碍组(n=97)	t/Z/χ²值	P值
女性[例(%)]	70(56.00)	39(40.21)	5.451	0.019
年龄(岁)	60.34±12.69	51.51±12.67	5.151	<0.01
BMI(kg/m²)	22.04±3.48	22.91±3.23	-1.910	0.057
原发疾病[例(%)]
慢性肾小球肾炎	49 (39.20)	43 (44.33)
糖尿病肾病	32 (25.60)	20 (20.62)	1.095	0.778
高血压肾病	20 (16.00)	16 (16.49)
其他	24 (19.20)	18 (18.56)
透析病程(年)	5.75±4.58	3.45±3.48	4.254	<0.01
吸烟[例(%)]	34(27.20)	27(27.84)	0.011	0.920
饮酒[例(%)]	30(24.00)	20(20.62)	0.358	0.549
受教育程度≥高中[例(%)]	68(54.40)	57(58.76)	0.423	0.516
高血压[例(%)]	105(84.00)	86(88.66)	0.987	0.320
糖尿病[例(%)]	22(17.60)	17(17.53)	0.002	0.988
心脑血管疾病[例(%)]	24(19.20)	16(16.49)	0.271	0.603
Hb(g/L)	108.80±18.90	109.30±16.80	-0.251	0.842
WBC(×10⁹/L)	5.86(4.75,6.92)	5.76(5.02,7.05)	-0.220	0.826
RBC(×10¹²/L)	3.79±0.24	3.73±0.60	0.780	0.436
PLT(×10⁹/L)	156.00±61.30	162.70±67.10	-0.775	0.439
TG(mmol/L)	1.64(1.26,2.45)	1.59(1.12,2.82)	-0.430	0.669
TC(mmol/L)	4.05±0.98	4.20±0.95	-1.146	0.253
HDL-C(mmol/L)	0.88±0.17	0.91±0.15	-1.372	0.171
LDL-C(mmol/L)	2.22±0.74	2.28±0.75	-0.596	0.552
Alb(g/L)	38.00±3.60	38.80±3.80	-1.603	0.110
P(mmol/L)	1.78±0.58	1.83±0.57	-0.642	0.522
血钙(mmol/L)	2.08±0.28	2.29±0.22	-6.258	<0.01
K(mmol/L)	4.38±0.81	4.50±0.98	-0.975	0.319
Cr(μmol/L)	915.01±289.53	964.52±278.55	-1.285	0.200
BUN(mmol/L)	22.62(18.45,26.30)	22.02(18.56,23.60)	-0.580	0.561
UA(mmol/L)	420.90±90.40	439.13±98.96	-1.430	0.154
ALP(U/L)	121.03±40.47	117.34±48.88	0.615	0.539
焦虑[例(%)]	31(24.80)	8(8.25)	10.334	0.001
抑郁[例(%)]	30(24.00)	13(13.40)	3.928	0.048
尿毒症瘙痒[例(%)]	77(61.60)	30(30.93)	20.580	<0.01
RLS[例(%)]	39(31.20)	8(8.25)	17.241	<0.01

变量	睡眠障碍组(n=125)	无睡眠障碍组(n=97)	t/Z/χ²值	P值
女性[例(%)]	70(56.00)	39(40.21)	5.451	0.019
年龄(岁)	60.34±12.69	51.51±12.67	5.151	<0.01
BMI(kg/m²)	22.04±3.48	22.91±3.23	-1.910	0.057
原发疾病[例(%)]
慢性肾小球肾炎	49 (39.20)	43 (44.33)
糖尿病肾病	32 (25.60)	20 (20.62)	1.095	0.778
高血压肾病	20 (16.00)	16 (16.49)
其他	24 (19.20)	18 (18.56)
透析病程(年)	5.75±4.58	3.45±3.48	4.254	<0.01
吸烟[例(%)]	34(27.20)	27(27.84)	0.011	0.920
饮酒[例(%)]	30(24.00)	20(20.62)	0.358	0.549
受教育程度≥高中[例(%)]	68(54.40)	57(58.76)	0.423	0.516
高血压[例(%)]	105(84.00)	86(88.66)	0.987	0.320
糖尿病[例(%)]	22(17.60)	17(17.53)	0.002	0.988
心脑血管疾病[例(%)]	24(19.20)	16(16.49)	0.271	0.603
Hb(g/L)	108.80±18.90	109.30±16.80	-0.251	0.842
WBC(×10⁹/L)	5.86(4.75,6.92)	5.76(5.02,7.05)	-0.220	0.826
RBC(×10¹²/L)	3.79±0.24	3.73±0.60	0.780	0.436
PLT(×10⁹/L)	156.00±61.30	162.70±67.10	-0.775	0.439
TG(mmol/L)	1.64(1.26,2.45)	1.59(1.12,2.82)	-0.430	0.669
TC(mmol/L)	4.05±0.98	4.20±0.95	-1.146	0.253
HDL-C(mmol/L)	0.88±0.17	0.91±0.15	-1.372	0.171
LDL-C(mmol/L)	2.22±0.74	2.28±0.75	-0.596	0.552
Alb(g/L)	38.00±3.60	38.80±3.80	-1.603	0.110
P(mmol/L)	1.78±0.58	1.83±0.57	-0.642	0.522
血钙(mmol/L)	2.08±0.28	2.29±0.22	-6.258	<0.01
K(mmol/L)	4.38±0.81	4.50±0.98	-0.975	0.319
Cr(μmol/L)	915.01±289.53	964.52±278.55	-1.285	0.200
BUN(mmol/L)	22.62(18.45,26.30)	22.02(18.56,23.60)	-0.580	0.561
UA(mmol/L)	420.90±90.40	439.13±98.96	-1.430	0.154
ALP(U/L)	121.03±40.47	117.34±48.88	0.615	0.539
焦虑[例(%)]	31(24.80)	8(8.25)	10.334	0.001
抑郁[例(%)]	30(24.00)	13(13.40)	3.928	0.048
尿毒症瘙痒[例(%)]	77(61.60)	30(30.93)	20.580	<0.01
RLS[例(%)]	39(31.20)	8(8.25)	17.241	<0.01

因素	回归系数	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
因素	回归系数	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	下限	上限
性别	-0.501	0.474	1.116	0.291	0.606	0.239	1.535
年龄	0.048	0.018	7.630	0.006	1.050	1.014	1.086
透析龄	0.338	0.064	27.526	<0.01	1.402	1.236	1.590
血钙	-3.297	0.547	36.320	<0.01	0.037	0.013	0.108
焦虑	1.819	0.718	6.418	0.011	6.165	1.509	25.181
抑郁	1.152	0.522	4.877	0.027	3.165	1.138	8.799
尿毒症瘙痒	1.676	0.431	15.114	<0.01	5.344	2.296	12.439
RLS	2.437	0.657	13.746	<0.01	11.442	3.154	41.506

因素	回归系数	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
因素	回归系数	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	下限	上限
性别	-0.501	0.474	1.116	0.291	0.606	0.239	1.535
年龄	0.048	0.018	7.630	0.006	1.050	1.014	1.086
透析龄	0.338	0.064	27.526	<0.01	1.402	1.236	1.590
血钙	-3.297	0.547	36.320	<0.01	0.037	0.013	0.108
焦虑	1.819	0.718	6.418	0.011	6.165	1.509	25.181
抑郁	1.152	0.522	4.877	0.027	3.165	1.138	8.799
尿毒症瘙痒	1.676	0.431	15.114	<0.01	5.344	2.296	12.439
RLS	2.437	0.657	13.746	<0.01	11.442	3.154	41.506