Clinical Focus ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1068-1072.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.12.002

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Application values of PIV and CD93 in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis

Ma Weifenga, Yu Chunyanb, Ran Qiana, Li Shuaiqic, Fan Chongguia()   

  1. a. Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
    b. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
    c. Department of Rehabilitation, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
  • Received:2025-11-14 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-30
  • Contact: Fan Chonggui,Email:fcg25812@126.com

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the application values of pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93) in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis (VE) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Methods A total of 160 patients with acute encephalitis admitted to Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Among them,74 patients were diagnosed with VE (VE group) and 86 with AE (AE group). Clinical features,PIV,and CD93 levels were compared between the two groups. The efficacy of these indicators in distinguishing AE from VE was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in clinical features,including mode of onset,affected hemisphere,prodromal symptoms,and temporal lobe involvement on imaging (P<0.05). Compared with the AE group,patients in the VE group exhibited significantly lower serum CD93 and absolute lymphocyte count,and significantly higher absolute neutrophil count,absolute monocyte count and PIV (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in platelet count between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the mode of onset,prodromal symptoms,serum CD93,and PIV were significant indicators that effectively distinguished VE from AE (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the single indicator of serum CD93 had a larger area under the curve (AUC,0.936 vs 0.689),sensitivity (85.29% vs 75.00%) and specificity (90.27% vs 54.00%) than PIV in the differential diagnosis of VE and AE. Their combination significantly improved diagnostic performance,with an AUC of 0.976,a sensitivity of 95.00%,and a specificity of 88.00%(P<0.05). Conclusion Serum CD93 and PIV are useful markers for distinguishing VE from AE. Their combination demonstrates significantly better diagnostic efficacy than either marker alone,with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Key words: encephalitis, viral, autoimmune encephalitis, pan-immune-inflammation value, cluster of differentiation 93, differential diagnosis

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