Correlation of serum FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 expression with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their auxiliary identification value

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.09.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum immunoglobulin E Fc segment high-affinity receptor 1G (FCER1G), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate their auxiliary identification value. Methods A total of 171 T2DM patients who visited the Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou from August 2023 to August 2025 were enrolled. Based on whether DPN occurred, patients were further divided into a non-DPN (N-DPN) group (n=95) and a DPN group (n=76). Clinical data and serum FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 levels were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between serum FCER1G, NRF2, CXCL13 levels and clinical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with DPN in T2DM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the auxiliary identification value of FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 alone and in combination for DPN in T2DM patients. Internal validation of the combined model was performed using the Bootstrap method with 1, 000 resamples, together with cross-validation. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the combined model. Clinical decision curve analysis was used to assess the clinical utility of the combined model. Results Compared with the N-DPN group, the DPN group had higher duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA₁c), interleukin-6 (IL-6), FCER1G, and CXCL13 levels, and lower NRF2 levels (all P<0.05). FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 levels were correlated with diabetes duration, HbA₁c, and IL-6 levels (all P<0.05). Increased diabetes duration, higher HbA₁c, higher IL-6, higher FCER1G, higher CXCL13 levels, and lower NRF2 levels were associated with DPN in T2DM patients (all P<0.05). The combined detection of FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 had better auxiliary identification performance than any single marker (Zthree-marker combination-FCER1G=3.081, Zthree-marker combination-NRF2=2.815, Zthree-marker combination-CXCL13=2.963, all P<0.05). Internal validation showed good calibration for the combined model (χ²=5.383, P=0.716). Within the high-risk threshold range of 0.07-0.91, the combined model of FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 provided a higher net benefit than the single models. Conclusion Serum FCER1G and CXCL13 levels are elevated, while the level of NRF2 is decreased in T2DM patients with DPN, all the three are significantly correlated with the DPN, and their conjunction exhibited favorable auxiliary recognition value.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, type 2, diabetic neuropathies, FCER1G, NRF2, CXCL13

CLC Number:

R587.1

Xu Shanshan, Cui Huijuan, Chen Hua, Song Na, Liu Sijia, Wang Saifei, Li Xin. Correlation of serum FCER1G, NRF2, and CXCL13 expression with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their auxiliary identification value[J]. Clinical Focus, 2026, 41(9): 831-836.

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Figures/Tables 8

References 19

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项目	N-DPN组(n=95)	DPN组(n=76)	χ²/t值	P值
年龄(岁)	58.46±8.15	60.24±9.73	1.302	0.195
性别[例(%)]
男女	52(54.74) 43(45.26)	37(48.68) 39(51.32)	0.620	0.431
BMI(kg/m²)	24.64±2.54	25.16±2.59	1.319	0.189
高血压史[例(%)]
有无	41(43.16) 54(56.84)	40(52.63) 36(47.37)	1.520	0.218
糖尿病病程(年)	4.26±1.17	5.13±1.68	3.984	<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L)	8.62±1.07	8.85±1.21	1.318	0.189
HbA₁c(%)	7.94±1.55	8.73±1.63	3.237	0.001
总胆固醇(mmol/L)	4.59±0.97	4.88±1.16	1.780	0.077
甘油三酯(mmol/L)	1.57±0.29	1.66±0.41	1.679	0.095
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)	1.12±0.21	1.07±0.18	1.647	0.101
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)	2.35±0.23	2.41±0.28	1.539	0.126
收缩压(mmHg)	122.45±13.17	125.36±13.58	1.416	0.159
舒张压(mmHg)	80.37±8.27	82.51±9.06	1.611	0.109
降糖治疗[例(%)]
胰岛素分泌促进剂	9(9.47)	12(15.79)
胰岛素增敏剂	19(20.00)	9(11.84)
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂	18(18.95)	15(19.74)	3.752	0.441
SGLT2抑制剂	12(12.63)	7(9.21)
注射胰岛素	37(38.95)	33(43.42)
白细胞计数(×10⁹/L)	4.86±0.64	5.05±0.82	1.702	0.091
IL-6(ng/L)	12.64±3.64	19.25±5.03	9.960	<0.001

项目	N-DPN组(n=95)	DPN组(n=76)	χ²/t值	P值
年龄(岁)	58.46±8.15	60.24±9.73	1.302	0.195
性别[例(%)]
男女	52(54.74) 43(45.26)	37(48.68) 39(51.32)	0.620	0.431
BMI(kg/m²)	24.64±2.54	25.16±2.59	1.319	0.189
高血压史[例(%)]
有无	41(43.16) 54(56.84)	40(52.63) 36(47.37)	1.520	0.218
糖尿病病程(年)	4.26±1.17	5.13±1.68	3.984	<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L)	8.62±1.07	8.85±1.21	1.318	0.189
HbA₁c(%)	7.94±1.55	8.73±1.63	3.237	0.001
总胆固醇(mmol/L)	4.59±0.97	4.88±1.16	1.780	0.077
甘油三酯(mmol/L)	1.57±0.29	1.66±0.41	1.679	0.095
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)	1.12±0.21	1.07±0.18	1.647	0.101
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)	2.35±0.23	2.41±0.28	1.539	0.126
收缩压(mmHg)	122.45±13.17	125.36±13.58	1.416	0.159
舒张压(mmHg)	80.37±8.27	82.51±9.06	1.611	0.109
降糖治疗[例(%)]
胰岛素分泌促进剂	9(9.47)	12(15.79)
胰岛素增敏剂	19(20.00)	9(11.84)
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂	18(18.95)	15(19.74)	3.752	0.441
SGLT2抑制剂	12(12.63)	7(9.21)
注射胰岛素	37(38.95)	33(43.42)
白细胞计数(×10⁹/L)	4.86±0.64	5.05±0.82	1.702	0.091
IL-6(ng/L)	12.64±3.64	19.25±5.03	9.960	<0.001

组别	例数	FCER1G (ng/L)	NRF2 (ng/L)	CXCL13 (μg/L)
N-DPN组	95	474.37±54.87	218.36±47.69	8.83±2.65
DPN组	76	526.58±61.64	179.51±33.75	12.54±3.26
t值		5.852	5.744	8.210
P值		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	例数	FCER1G (ng/L)	NRF2 (ng/L)	CXCL13 (μg/L)
N-DPN组	95	474.37±54.87	218.36±47.69	8.83±2.65
DPN组	76	526.58±61.64	179.51±33.75	12.54±3.26
t值		5.852	5.744	8.210
P值		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

指标	FCER1G		NRF2		CXCL13
指标	r值	P值	r值	P值	r值	P值
糖尿病病程	0.433	<0.001	-0.417	<0.001	0.429	<0.001
HbA₁c	0.502	<0.001	-0.449	<0.001	0.453	<0.001
IL-6	0.448	<0.001	-0.485	<0.001	0.495	<0.001