食源性生物活性成分的神经保护作用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

神经系统疾病,尤其是脑血管疾病及神经退行性疾病,是全球失能和死亡的重要原因。随着神经系统疾病发病率的上升,能有效减少或阻止神经元功能障碍的治疗手段仍然十分有限。日常饮食与人类的生活息息相关。在众多的有关神经保护的研究中,来源于食物的天然化合物备受关注。这些物质从抗炎、抗氧化、抑制凋亡、保护血脑屏障、调控突触可塑性、改善细胞代谢、调控肠-脑轴等多方面发挥了神经保护作用。本文就食源性生物活性成分在神经保护方面的作用做一综述,以期为食源性生物活性成分在神经系统疾病的应用研究提供参考。

中图分类号:

R338

贾砚秋, 陈伟红, 吕佩源. 食源性生物活性成分的神经保护作用研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2026, 41(3): 274-279.

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链接本文: https://www.lchc.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.03.014

https://www.lchc.cn/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/274

图/表 1

参考文献 50

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名称	分类	食物来源	主要机制	疾病模型
槲皮素	多酚类(类黄酮)	苹果、洋葱等	抑制炎症和凋亡,保护血脑屏障完整性等	脑缺血/再灌注^[11]
花青素	多酚类(类黄酮)	浆果,如蓝莓等	调节突触可塑性,抑制凋亡等	认知障碍^[12]
橙皮苷	多酚类(类黄酮)	柑橘类,尤其是果皮或陈皮	调节肠道菌群、改善肠道炎症,上调5-羟色胺和BDNF等	抑郁^[13]
绿原酸	多酚类(酚酸类)	咖啡等	减轻氧化损伤,抗炎等	慢性应激诱导的海马损伤和抑郁样行为^[14]
白藜芦醇	多酚类(二苯乙烯类)	葡萄、蓝莓等	抑制神经炎症等	糖尿病相关认知障碍及胰岛素抵抗、血管性认知障碍及阿尔茨海默病^[15-16]
开环异落叶松树脂酚	多酚类(木脂素类)	亚麻籽等	抑制神经炎症等	神经炎症及系统炎症^[17]
咖啡因	生物碱类	咖啡豆	抑制铁死亡,抑制α-突触核蛋白聚集、抗氧化、抗炎等	缺氧/复氧损伤、帕金森病模型等^[18-19]
辣椒素	生物碱类	辣椒	调节钙离子内流等	阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癫痫^[20-21]
姜烯	萜类	生姜	抗氧化和抗基因毒性等	体外氧化损伤^[23]
齐墩果酸	萜类	特级初榨橄榄油、苹果等	增强线粒体自噬,减轻氧化应激和线粒体损伤等	帕金森病^[24]
熊果酸	萜类	苹果、蓝莓、蔓越莓等	抑制谷氨酸囊泡动员与释放,缓解兴奋性毒性等	癫痫^[25]
β-胡萝卜素	萜类	胡萝卜、红薯、南瓜等	抗氧化、抗炎、维持血脑屏障完整性、促进神经营养和抑制凋亡等	阿米卡星引起的神经损伤^[26]
番茄红素	萜类	番茄、西瓜等	抗炎、保护线粒体、减少凋亡,调节脂代谢、抗炎、激活氨基酸代谢通路等	阿特拉津引起的神经损伤,肥胖相关的认知损伤^[27-28]
香菇多糖	多糖类	香菇	调节突触可塑性促进髓鞘再生,抗炎等	脱髓鞘疾病及抑郁^[30-31]
大蒜素	有机硫	大蒜	增强内源性抗氧化防御,抗炎等	内质网应激引起的认知障碍^[34]
萝卜硫素	有机硫	西蓝花等	减少凋亡、减轻白质损伤、维持血脑屏障完整等	血管性认知障碍,缺血性卒中^[35-36]
油酸	不饱和脂肪酸	橄榄油、山茶油等	抗炎,缓解内质网应激和氧化应激等	脑缺血,棕榈酸引起的神经毒性^[38-39]
Omega-3	不饱和脂肪酸	高脂深海鱼、坚果等	抗炎,改善线粒体功能,减少神经元死亡等	脂多糖诱导的神经炎症^[40]

名称	分类	食物来源	主要机制	疾病模型
槲皮素	多酚类(类黄酮)	苹果、洋葱等	抑制炎症和凋亡,保护血脑屏障完整性等	脑缺血/再灌注^[11]
花青素	多酚类(类黄酮)	浆果,如蓝莓等	调节突触可塑性,抑制凋亡等	认知障碍^[12]
橙皮苷	多酚类(类黄酮)	柑橘类,尤其是果皮或陈皮	调节肠道菌群、改善肠道炎症,上调5-羟色胺和BDNF等	抑郁^[13]
绿原酸	多酚类(酚酸类)	咖啡等	减轻氧化损伤,抗炎等	慢性应激诱导的海马损伤和抑郁样行为^[14]
白藜芦醇	多酚类(二苯乙烯类)	葡萄、蓝莓等	抑制神经炎症等	糖尿病相关认知障碍及胰岛素抵抗、血管性认知障碍及阿尔茨海默病^[15-16]
开环异落叶松树脂酚	多酚类(木脂素类)	亚麻籽等	抑制神经炎症等	神经炎症及系统炎症^[17]
咖啡因	生物碱类	咖啡豆	抑制铁死亡,抑制α-突触核蛋白聚集、抗氧化、抗炎等	缺氧/复氧损伤、帕金森病模型等^[18-19]
辣椒素	生物碱类	辣椒	调节钙离子内流等	阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癫痫^[20-21]
姜烯	萜类	生姜	抗氧化和抗基因毒性等	体外氧化损伤^[23]
齐墩果酸	萜类	特级初榨橄榄油、苹果等	增强线粒体自噬,减轻氧化应激和线粒体损伤等	帕金森病^[24]
熊果酸	萜类	苹果、蓝莓、蔓越莓等	抑制谷氨酸囊泡动员与释放,缓解兴奋性毒性等	癫痫^[25]
β-胡萝卜素	萜类	胡萝卜、红薯、南瓜等	抗氧化、抗炎、维持血脑屏障完整性、促进神经营养和抑制凋亡等	阿米卡星引起的神经损伤^[26]
番茄红素	萜类	番茄、西瓜等	抗炎、保护线粒体、减少凋亡,调节脂代谢、抗炎、激活氨基酸代谢通路等	阿特拉津引起的神经损伤,肥胖相关的认知损伤^[27-28]
香菇多糖	多糖类	香菇	调节突触可塑性促进髓鞘再生,抗炎等	脱髓鞘疾病及抑郁^[30-31]
大蒜素	有机硫	大蒜	增强内源性抗氧化防御,抗炎等	内质网应激引起的认知障碍^[34]
萝卜硫素	有机硫	西蓝花等	减少凋亡、减轻白质损伤、维持血脑屏障完整等	血管性认知障碍,缺血性卒中^[35-36]
油酸	不饱和脂肪酸	橄榄油、山茶油等	抗炎,缓解内质网应激和氧化应激等	脑缺血,棕榈酸引起的神经毒性^[38-39]
Omega-3	不饱和脂肪酸	高脂深海鱼、坚果等	抗炎,改善线粒体功能,减少神经元死亡等	脂多糖诱导的神经炎症^[40]

食源性生物活性成分的神经保护作用研究进展

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