不同运动疗法改善轻度认知障碍老年人综合认知及执行功能的网状meta分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过传统meta分析及网状meta分析方法对不同运动疗法的随机试验结果进行综合评估与比较,得出最佳干预类型及运动方案。方法系统检索CNKI、维普、万方、CBM、The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、Science Direct数据库,检索时限为建库至2025年7月。采用Review Manager软件与Stata 18软件进行网状meta分析。结果共纳入37项RCT,meta分析结果显示:运动对轻度认知障碍患者综合认知能力[SMD=0.70]及执行功能[SMD=-0.44]干预效果显著。亚组分析发现,综合认知方面表现为,双任务运动[SMD=1.8]、5次/周[SMD=2.47]、≥51 min/次[SMD=1.14]、24周[SMD=1.99]的效应量较高;执行功能方面,中等强度有氧运动[SMD=-0.96]、50 min/次[SMD=-6.5]、5次/周[SMD=-0.96]、16周[SMD=-1.81]达到大效应量。网状meta分析结果显示:综合认知方面,与对照组相比干预效果排名前三为:高速抗阻运动[SMD=4.49,SUCRA=94.2%]>多成分运动[SMD=3.43,SUCRA=77.4%]>身心锻炼[SMD=3.29,SUCRA=67.1%];执行功能方面,与对照组相比干预效果排名前三为:双任务运动[SMD=-38.89,SUCRA=88.6%]>阻力运动[SMD=-26.78,SUCRA=63.4%]>有氧运动[SMD=-24.06,SUCRA=58.7%]。结论高速抗阻运动、5次/周、≥51 min/次、24周的运动方案为轻度认知障碍患者综合认知能力带来更多益处;执行功能方面,双任务运动、5次/周、>50 min/次、16周能显著改善其功能,此方面由于纳入研究有限,有待进一步验证。

关键词: 轻度认知障碍, 综合认知, 执行功能, 运动, 网状meta分析

Abstract:

Objective To comprehensively evaluate and compare the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of different kinesiotherapies through meta-analysis and network meta-analysis, thus obtaining the optimal intervention type and exercise program. Methods Databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched, with the retrieval period from the database establishment to July 2025. Network meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software and Stata 18 software. Results A total of 37 RCTs were finally included. The overall meta-analysis showed that exercise had a significant intervention effect on the global cognitive function (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.70) and executive function (SMD=-0.44) of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Subgroup analysis found that in terms of global cognitive function, the effect sizes were higher for dual-task exercise (SMD=1.8), a frequency of 5 times/week (SMD=2.47), a dose of ≥51 min/session (SMD=1.14), and 24 weeks of exercise (SMD=1.99). In terms of executive function, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (SMD=-0.96), 50 min/session (SMD=-6.5), 5 times/week (SMD=-0.96), and 16 weeks of exercise (SMD=-1.81) all achieved large effect sizes. Network meta-analysis showed that in terms of global cognitive function, the top three intervention effects compared with the control group were high-speed resistance exercise (SMD=4.49, surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]=94.2%), followed by the multi-component exercise (SMD=3.43, SUCRA=77.4%) and mind-body exercise (SMD=3.29, SUCRA=67.1%). In terms of executive function, the top three intervention effects compared with the control group were dual-task exercise (SMD=-38.89, SUCRA=88.6%), followed by resistance exercise (SMD=-26.78, SUCRA=63.4%) and aerobic exercise (SMD=-24.06, SUCRA=58.7%). Conclusion The exercise protocol of high-speed resistance exercise, with an intervention frequency of 5 times/week, an intervention dose of ≥51 min/session, and a period of 24 weeks, brings more benefits to the global cognitive function ability of patients with mild cognitive impairment; in terms of executive function, dual-task exercise, with an intervention frequency of 5 times/week, an intervention dose of >50 min/session, and a period of 16 weeks, can significantly improve their function. Due to the limited number of included studies in this aspect, further verification is needed.

Key words: mild cognitive impairment, cognitive function, executive function, exercise, network meta-analysis

中图分类号:

R741

李永婧, 高春刚, 张金龙, 宋淑华. 不同运动疗法改善轻度认知障碍老年人综合认知及执行功能的网状meta分析[J]. 临床荟萃, 2025, 40(10): 874-892.

Li Yongjing, Gao Chungang, Zhang Jinlong, Song Shuhua. Different kinesiotherapies in improving global cognitive function and executive function in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A network meta-analysis[J]. Clinical Focus, 2025, 40(10): 874-892.

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参考文献 64

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研究者	国家	干预方案	结局指标	研究对象			干预措施
研究者	国家	干预方案	结局指标	平均年龄(岁)	样本量(T/C)	女/男	T	C
Lam等^[17] 2011	中国	30 min/d, 3次/周	MMSE TMT-A TMT-B	T:77.2±6.3 C:78.3±6.6	389(171/218)	T:125/46 C:172/46	MBE	伸展
Siu等^[18] 2018	中国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	CMMSE	-	160(80/80)	T:58/22 C:60/20	MBE	常规护理
包娜娜^[19] 2019	中国	3次/周, 30 min/次, 6周	MMSE MOCA	T:65.62±9.34 C:68.22±9.84	62(31/31)	T:16/15 C:17/14	MBE	健康教育
Yu等^[20] 2022	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T1:67.3±4.2 T2:67.2±6.8 C:67.6±8.1	34(12/12/10)	T1:7/3 T2:8/4 C:10/2	T1:MBE T2:MCT	无干预
Zheng等^[21] 2021	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MOCA	T1:65.86±5.28 T2:64.88±3.30 C:65.79±4.35	69(23/23/23)	-	T1:MBE T2:MIAE	无干预
Liu等^[22] 2022	中国	3次/周, 50 min/次, -	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T1:74.6±6.1 T2:73.2±6.3 C:73.4±6.5	50(17/17/16)	T1:12/4 T2:12/5 C:11/6	T1:DTT T2:MBE	无干预
Li等^[23] 2022	美国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MOCA	T1:74.4±5.1 T2:74.5±5.6 C:74.9±6.3	69(23/22/24)	T1:16/7 T2:8/12 C:15/9	T1:DTT T2:MBE	日常活动
Zhou等^[24] 2025	中国	12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A	-	66(22/22/22)	-	T1:DTT T2:MBE	日常活动
Varela等^[25] 2012	西班牙	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE	T1:79.24±10.7 T2:76.44+11.38 C:79.40±6.72	48(17/16/15)	-	T1:LIAE T2:MIAE	娱乐活动
Wei等^[26] 2014	中国	5次/周, 30 min/次, 24周	MMSE	T:66.73±5.48 C:65.27±4.63	60(30/30)	T:9/21 C:11/19	LIAE	日常活动
Zhang等^[27] 2023	美国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T1:66.67±6.04 T2:66.22±5.51 C:69.75±7.02	42(14/14/14)	-	T1:DTT T2:LIAE	健康教育
Krootnark等^[28] 2024	泰国	5次/周, 35 min/次, 共12周	MOCA	T1:68.60±4.86 T2:68.70±4.72 C:69.70±5.55	90(30/30/30)	T1:24/6 T2:23/7 C:24/6	T1:LIAE T2:LSRT	日常活动
Wang等^[29] 2019	中国	3次/周, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:81.06±5.17 C:81.09±7.44	66(33/33)	T:26/7 C:21/12	MIAE	日常活动
Sánchez-Alcalá等^[30] 2025	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:71.43±2.97 C:72.24±2.92	92(47/45)	T:29/35 C:29/32	MIAE	无干预
Wu等^[31] 2025	中国	3次/周, 35 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:70.56±6.21 C:69.13±8.09	32(16/16)	T:11/5 C:12/4	MIAE	健康教育
Qi等^[32] 2019	中国	3次/周, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:70.6±6.2 C:69.1±8.1	32(16/16)	T:11/5 C:12/4	MIAE	常规护理
Ayari等^[33] 2023	法国	1次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MMSE	T:79.8±7.7 C:77.2±5.3	23(11/12)	T:9/2 C:7/5	MIAE	日常活动
Zotcheva等^[34] 2022	挪威	2次/周, 50 min/次, -	MOCA	T1:72.3±2.05 T2:72.4±2.08 C:72.2±2.02	945	T1:114/121 T2:97/119 C:239/255	T1:MIAE T2:HIIT	无干预
Song等^[35] 2019	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MOCA	T:76.22±5.76 C:75.33±6.78	120(60/60)	T:48/12 C:42/18	MIAE	健康教育
宋艳丽^[36] 2019	中国	4次/周, 30 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:70.34±9.24 C:69.97±10.0	59(29/30)	T:16/13 C:16/14	MIAE	日常活动
Zhu等^[37] 2018	中国	3次/周, 35 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:70.3±6.7 C:69.0±7.3	54(27/27)	T:15/12 C:21/6	MIAE	常规护理
Li等^[38] 2021	中国	5次/周, 30 min/次, 24周	MMSE MOCA	-	84(42/42)	T:27/15 C:24/18	MCT	健康教育
Rivas-Campo等^[39] 2023	哥伦比亚	3次/周, 45 min/次, 12周	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:77.19±7.7 C:77.11±7.3	132(68/64)	T:41/27 C:38/26	MCT	无干预
Buele等^[40] 2024	厄瓜多尔	2次/周, 40 min/次, 6周	MOCA	T:75.41±5.76 C:77.35±6.75	34(17/17)	T:10/7 C:13/4	MCT	健康教育
Wang等^[41] 2020	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:68.37±5.27 C:68.24±5.15	111(57/54)	T:36/21 C:32/22	MCT	健康教育
Choi等^[42] 2018	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 6周	MOCA	T:74.90±5.10 C:74.23±4.38	60(30/30)	T:24/6 C:25/5	MCT	常规护理
Bademli等^[43] 2019	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE TMT-A TMT-B	T:72.88±5.60 C:77.29±5.16	31(17/14)	T:9/8 C:7/7	SPAI	日常活动
Yang等^[45] 2021	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE	T:83.1±5.7 C:82.0±5.5	36(19/17)	T:16/3 C:10/7	MCT	无干预
Bisbe等^[46] 2020	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	TMT-A TMT-B MMSE	T:72.88±5.60 C:77.29±5.16	31(17/14)	T:9/8 C:7/7	SPAI	日常活动
Tsai等^[47] 2019	中国	3次/周, 16周	MMSE	T1:66.00±7.68 T2:65.44±6.76 C:65.17±7.00	55(19/18/18)	T1:14/15 T2:11/7 C:13/5	T1:SPAI T2:RT	无干预
Hong等^[48] 2018	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MOCA	-	22(12/10)	T:7/3 C:9/3	HSRT	日常活动
Yoon等^[49] 2017	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T1:75.00±3.46 T2:76.00±3.94 C:78.00±2.77	30(14/9/7)	-	T1:HSRT T2:LSRT	无干预
Lü等^[50] 2016	中国	3次/周, 12周	TMT-B	T:69.00±3.83 C:70.43±5.53	45(22/23)	T:16/6 C:16/7	RT	日常活动
Tao等^[51] 2023	中国	2周/次, 60~90 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:73.41±7.785 C:74.90±6.613	103(51/52)	T:35/16 C:32/20	DTT	健康教育
Baek等^[52] 2024	韩国	3次/周, 40 min/次, 共6周	MMSE	T:82.40±4.46 C:81.04±4.93	44(22/22)	T:15/7 C:14/8	DTT	日常活动
Langoni等^[54] 2019	巴西	2次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MMSE	T:72.6±7.8 C:71.9±7.9	52(26/26)	T:20/6 C:20/6	MCT	无干预
Sousa等^[55] 2022	巴西	8周	MMSE	T:63.25±2.96 C:66.00±6.39	31(16/15)	-	RT	无干预

研究者	国家	干预方案	结局指标	研究对象			干预措施
研究者	国家	干预方案	结局指标	平均年龄(岁)	样本量(T/C)	女/男	T	C
Lam等^[17] 2011	中国	30 min/d, 3次/周	MMSE TMT-A TMT-B	T:77.2±6.3 C:78.3±6.6	389(171/218)	T:125/46 C:172/46	MBE	伸展
Siu等^[18] 2018	中国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	CMMSE	-	160(80/80)	T:58/22 C:60/20	MBE	常规护理
包娜娜^[19] 2019	中国	3次/周, 30 min/次, 6周	MMSE MOCA	T:65.62±9.34 C:68.22±9.84	62(31/31)	T:16/15 C:17/14	MBE	健康教育
Yu等^[20] 2022	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T1:67.3±4.2 T2:67.2±6.8 C:67.6±8.1	34(12/12/10)	T1:7/3 T2:8/4 C:10/2	T1:MBE T2:MCT	无干预
Zheng等^[21] 2021	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MOCA	T1:65.86±5.28 T2:64.88±3.30 C:65.79±4.35	69(23/23/23)	-	T1:MBE T2:MIAE	无干预
Liu等^[22] 2022	中国	3次/周, 50 min/次, -	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T1:74.6±6.1 T2:73.2±6.3 C:73.4±6.5	50(17/17/16)	T1:12/4 T2:12/5 C:11/6	T1:DTT T2:MBE	无干预
Li等^[23] 2022	美国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MOCA	T1:74.4±5.1 T2:74.5±5.6 C:74.9±6.3	69(23/22/24)	T1:16/7 T2:8/12 C:15/9	T1:DTT T2:MBE	日常活动
Zhou等^[24] 2025	中国	12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A	-	66(22/22/22)	-	T1:DTT T2:MBE	日常活动
Varela等^[25] 2012	西班牙	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE	T1:79.24±10.7 T2:76.44+11.38 C:79.40±6.72	48(17/16/15)	-	T1:LIAE T2:MIAE	娱乐活动
Wei等^[26] 2014	中国	5次/周, 30 min/次, 24周	MMSE	T:66.73±5.48 C:65.27±4.63	60(30/30)	T:9/21 C:11/19	LIAE	日常活动
Zhang等^[27] 2023	美国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T1:66.67±6.04 T2:66.22±5.51 C:69.75±7.02	42(14/14/14)	-	T1:DTT T2:LIAE	健康教育
Krootnark等^[28] 2024	泰国	5次/周, 35 min/次, 共12周	MOCA	T1:68.60±4.86 T2:68.70±4.72 C:69.70±5.55	90(30/30/30)	T1:24/6 T2:23/7 C:24/6	T1:LIAE T2:LSRT	日常活动
Wang等^[29] 2019	中国	3次/周, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:81.06±5.17 C:81.09±7.44	66(33/33)	T:26/7 C:21/12	MIAE	日常活动
Sánchez-Alcalá等^[30] 2025	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:71.43±2.97 C:72.24±2.92	92(47/45)	T:29/35 C:29/32	MIAE	无干预
Wu等^[31] 2025	中国	3次/周, 35 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:70.56±6.21 C:69.13±8.09	32(16/16)	T:11/5 C:12/4	MIAE	健康教育
Qi等^[32] 2019	中国	3次/周, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:70.6±6.2 C:69.1±8.1	32(16/16)	T:11/5 C:12/4	MIAE	常规护理
Ayari等^[33] 2023	法国	1次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MMSE	T:79.8±7.7 C:77.2±5.3	23(11/12)	T:9/2 C:7/5	MIAE	日常活动
Zotcheva等^[34] 2022	挪威	2次/周, 50 min/次, -	MOCA	T1:72.3±2.05 T2:72.4±2.08 C:72.2±2.02	945	T1:114/121 T2:97/119 C:239/255	T1:MIAE T2:HIIT	无干预
Song等^[35] 2019	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 16周	MOCA	T:76.22±5.76 C:75.33±6.78	120(60/60)	T:48/12 C:42/18	MIAE	健康教育
宋艳丽^[36] 2019	中国	4次/周, 30 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:70.34±9.24 C:69.97±10.0	59(29/30)	T:16/13 C:16/14	MIAE	日常活动
Zhu等^[37] 2018	中国	3次/周, 35 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:70.3±6.7 C:69.0±7.3	54(27/27)	T:15/12 C:21/6	MIAE	常规护理
Li等^[38] 2021	中国	5次/周, 30 min/次, 24周	MMSE MOCA	-	84(42/42)	T:27/15 C:24/18	MCT	健康教育
Rivas-Campo等^[39] 2023	哥伦比亚	3次/周, 45 min/次, 12周	MOCA TMT-A TMT-B	T:77.19±7.7 C:77.11±7.3	132(68/64)	T:41/27 C:38/26	MCT	无干预
Buele等^[40] 2024	厄瓜多尔	2次/周, 40 min/次, 6周	MOCA	T:75.41±5.76 C:77.35±6.75	34(17/17)	T:10/7 C:13/4	MCT	健康教育
Wang等^[41] 2020	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MOCA	T:68.37±5.27 C:68.24±5.15	111(57/54)	T:36/21 C:32/22	MCT	健康教育
Choi等^[42] 2018	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 6周	MOCA	T:74.90±5.10 C:74.23±4.38	60(30/30)	T:24/6 C:25/5	MCT	常规护理
Bademli等^[43] 2019	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE TMT-A TMT-B	T:72.88±5.60 C:77.29±5.16	31(17/14)	T:9/8 C:7/7	SPAI	日常活动
Yang等^[45] 2021	中国	3次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE	T:83.1±5.7 C:82.0±5.5	36(19/17)	T:16/3 C:10/7	MCT	无干预
Bisbe等^[46] 2020	西班牙	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	TMT-A TMT-B MMSE	T:72.88±5.60 C:77.29±5.16	31(17/14)	T:9/8 C:7/7	SPAI	日常活动
Tsai等^[47] 2019	中国	3次/周, 16周	MMSE	T1:66.00±7.68 T2:65.44±6.76 C:65.17±7.00	55(19/18/18)	T1:14/15 T2:11/7 C:13/5	T1:SPAI T2:RT	无干预
Hong等^[48] 2018	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MOCA	-	22(12/10)	T:7/3 C:9/3	HSRT	日常活动
Yoon等^[49] 2017	韩国	2次/周, 60 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T1:75.00±3.46 T2:76.00±3.94 C:78.00±2.77	30(14/9/7)	-	T1:HSRT T2:LSRT	无干预
Lü等^[50] 2016	中国	3次/周, 12周	TMT-B	T:69.00±3.83 C:70.43±5.53	45(22/23)	T:16/6 C:16/7	RT	日常活动
Tao等^[51] 2023	中国	2周/次, 60~90 min/次, 12周	MMSE MOCA	T:73.41±7.785 C:74.90±6.613	103(51/52)	T:35/16 C:32/20	DTT	健康教育
Baek等^[52] 2024	韩国	3次/周, 40 min/次, 共6周	MMSE	T:82.40±4.46 C:81.04±4.93	44(22/22)	T:15/7 C:14/8	DTT	日常活动
Langoni等^[54] 2019	巴西	2次/周, 60 min/次, 24周	MMSE	T:72.6±7.8 C:71.9±7.9	52(26/26)	T:20/6 C:20/6	MCT	无干预
Sousa等^[55] 2022	巴西	8周	MMSE	T:63.25±2.96 C:66.00±6.39	31(16/15)	-	RT	无干预

亚组	No.Ofstudies	Hedges’sg With 95%CI	I²(%)	P_z	P_Q	Test of group differences
国家	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
中国	13	0.83(0.59-1.07)	68.40	0.00	0.00
西班牙	3	0.41(-0.23-1.05)	71.43	0.21	0.02
土耳其	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
巴西	1	1.03(0.46-1.60)	-	0.00	-
法国	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.00	-
韩国	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.00	-
日本	1	0.17(-0.38-0.73)	-	0.00	-
对照组	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
无干预	8	1.08(0.62-1.53)	84.23	0.00	0.00
常规护理	2	1.06(0.27-1.84)	68.31	0.01	0.08
健康教育	4	1.16(0.89-1.43)	0.00	0.00	0.49
有氧运动	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.22	0.00
抗阻运动	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.36	-
拉伸	2	0.21(0.02-0.40)	0.00	0.03	0.81
多模态运动	1	-0.05(-0.74-0.64)	-	0.89	-
娱乐活动	1	0.17(-0.51-0.85)	-	0.63	-
频率	19	0.80(0.53-1.07)	80.88	0.00	0.00	0.00
1次/周	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.22	-
2次/周	5	0.83(0.46-1.20)	63.32	0.00	0.04
3次/周	10	0.57(0.31-0.84)	59.02	0.00	0.01
4次/周	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
5次/周	1	0.73(0.22-1.25)	-	0.01	-
6次/周	1	1.24(0.82-1.66)	-	0.00	-
剂量	19	0.80(0.53-1.07)	80.88	0.00	0.00	0.08
30/35 min	5	0.69(0.30-1.08)	74.80	0.00	0.00
40 min	3	0.38(0.01-0.74)	0.00	0.04	0.70
60 min	10	0.81(0.54-1.09)	60.21	0.00	0.01
80 min	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
90 min	1	0.17(-0.38-0.73)	-	0.53	-
周期	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
6周	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.36	-
12周	11	0.68(0.41-0.96)	68.14	0.00	0.00
16周	3	0.62(0.30-0.94)	14.56	0.00	0.40
20周	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
24周	4	1.12(0.82-1.43)	25.96	0.00	4.03

亚组	No.Ofstudies	Hedges’sg With 95%CI	I²(%)	P_z	P_Q	Test of group differences
国家	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
中国	13	0.83(0.59-1.07)	68.40	0.00	0.00
西班牙	3	0.41(-0.23-1.05)	71.43	0.21	0.02
土耳其	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
巴西	1	1.03(0.46-1.60)	-	0.00	-
法国	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.00	-
韩国	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.00	-
日本	1	0.17(-0.38-0.73)	-	0.00	-
对照组	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
无干预	8	1.08(0.62-1.53)	84.23	0.00	0.00
常规护理	2	1.06(0.27-1.84)	68.31	0.01	0.08
健康教育	4	1.16(0.89-1.43)	0.00	0.00	0.49
有氧运动	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.22	0.00
抗阻运动	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.36	-
拉伸	2	0.21(0.02-0.40)	0.00	0.03	0.81
多模态运动	1	-0.05(-0.74-0.64)	-	0.89	-
娱乐活动	1	0.17(-0.51-0.85)	-	0.63	-
频率	19	0.80(0.53-1.07)	80.88	0.00	0.00	0.00
1次/周	1	0.50(-0.30-1.30)	-	0.22	-
2次/周	5	0.83(0.46-1.20)	63.32	0.00	0.04
3次/周	10	0.57(0.31-0.84)	59.02	0.00	0.01
4次/周	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
5次/周	1	0.73(0.22-1.25)	-	0.01	-
6次/周	1	1.24(0.82-1.66)	-	0.00	-
剂量	19	0.80(0.53-1.07)	80.88	0.00	0.00	0.08
30/35 min	5	0.69(0.30-1.08)	74.80	0.00	0.00
40 min	3	0.38(0.01-0.74)	0.00	0.04	0.70
60 min	10	0.81(0.54-1.09)	60.21	0.00	0.01
80 min	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
90 min	1	0.17(-0.38-0.73)	-	0.53	-
周期	20	0.83(0.57-1.09)	80.69	0.00	0.00	0.00
6周	1	0.27(-0.31-0.86)	-	0.36	-
12周	11	0.68(0.41-0.96)	68.14	0.00	0.00
16周	3	0.62(0.30-0.94)	14.56	0.00	0.40
20周	1	2.77(2.06-3.47)	-	0.00	-
24周	4	1.12(0.82-1.43)	25.96	0.00	4.03

亚组	No.Ofstudies	Hedges’sg With 95%CI	I²(%)	P_z	P_Q	Test of group differences
干预类型	23	1.16(0.77-1.55)	93.00	0.00	0.00	0.01
中等强度有氧运动	8	0.52(0.19-0.86)	80.30	0.00	0.00
高速抗阻运动	2	1.19(-0.68-3.06)	86.80	0.21	0.01
双任务运动	5	1.80(0.58-3.03)	95.70	0.00	0.00
身心锻炼	3	1.50(0.78-2.21)	68.07	0.00	0.03
多成分运动	4	1.46(0.19-2.72)	95.52	0.02	0.00
低强度有氧运动	1	1.57(1.00-2.14)	-	0.00	-
国家	23	1.16(0.77-1.55)	93.23	0.00	0.00	0.00
挪威	1	0.06(-0.10-0.21)	-	0.46	-
韩国	3	1.18(0.17-2.18)	79.10	0.02	0.02
中国	15	1.29(0.73-1.86)	93.41	0.00	0.00
泰国	1	1.57(1.00-2.14)	-	0.00	-
西班牙	1	1.29(0.85-1.74)	-	0.00	-
哥伦比亚	1	0.67(0.32-1.02)	-	0.00	-
厄尔多瓜	1	0.60(-0.07-1.27)	-	0.08	-
频率	22	1.14(0.74-1.55)	93.62	0.00	0.00	0.05
2次/周	7	0.89(0.40-1.39)	85.12	0.00	0.00
3次/周	11	1.07(0.43-1.71)	93.76	0.00	0.00
4次/周	1	0.61(0.10-1.13)	-	0.00	0.02
5次/周	2	2.47(0.70-4.24)	93.88	0.01	0.00
2周/次	1	1.48(1.05-1.92)	-	0.00	-
剂量	23	1.16(0.77-1.55)	93.00	0.00	0.00	0.87
≤30 min	3	1.46(-0.39-3.32)	97.10	0.12	0.00
31~50 min	8	1.11(0.18-2.04)	97.02	0.00	0.02
≥51 min	12	1.14(0.85-1.43)	68.11	0.00	0.00
周期	22	1.14(0.74-1.55)	93.23	0.00	0.00	0.00
12周	14	1.07(0.56-1.58)	91.81	0.00	0.00
16周	2	1.08(0.75-1.40)	0.00	0.00	0.93
6周	2	0.94(0.33-1.56)	51.13	0.00	0.15
24周	4	1.99(0.95-3.04)	89.31	0.00	0.00