临床荟萃 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1087-1092.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.12.006

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024-2025年天津市某三级医院呼吸道感染病原体流行病学特征

岳莹莹, 王猛, 周春雷, 穆红()   

  1. 天津市第一中心医院 检验科,天津 300192
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 穆红,Email:tzyzxmuhong@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点学科建设项目资助(TJYXZDXK-3-026C)

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infection pathogens at a tertiary hospital in Tianjin,2024-2025

Yue Yingying, Wang Meng, Zhou Chunlei, Mu Hong()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-30
  • Contact: Mu Hong,Email: tzyzxmuhong@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析2024年4月-2025年3月天津地区呼吸道感染的6种常见病原体(甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、肺炎支原体、人鼻病毒)和新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的流行病学特征。方法 收集2024年4月-2025年3月就诊于天津市第一中心医院有急性呼吸道感染症状(发热、咳嗽、鼻塞、咳痰、打喷嚏、咽痛和呼吸困难等)或胸片诊断为肺炎的门诊和住院患者的鼻咽拭子。对采集的鼻咽拭子样本进行核酸提取,使用六项呼吸道病原体核酸检测试剂盒或SARS-CoV-2核酸检测试剂盒对样本进行病原体检测。结果 ①6种常见呼吸道病原体共检测6 399例标本,阳性标本2 009例,总阳性率为31.40%。甲型流感病毒阳性率为8.28%,乙型流感病毒为0.03%,呼吸道合胞病毒为1.06%,腺病毒为2.77%,肺炎支原体为13.46%,人鼻病毒为5.80%。性别分布:男性总阳性率30.50%,女性32.42%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.707,P=0.100)。年龄分布:儿童组总阳性率61.93%,中青年组25.09%,老年组18.90%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=901.013,P<0.01)。季节分布:春季总阳性率21.74%,夏季24.11%,秋季36.59%,冬季39.04%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=171.520,P<0.01)。②SARS-CoV-2共检测12 554例标本,阳性标本2 304例,总阳性率18.35%。性别分布:男性阳性率18.01%,女性18.77%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.203,P=0.273)。年龄分布:儿童组15.23%,中青年组16.36%,老年组19.75%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.732,P<0.01)。季节分布:春季16.94%,夏季23.08%,秋季20.54%,冬季13.28%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=112.159,P<0.01)。结论 2024年4月-2025年3月,天津市呼吸道感染的病原体分布呈现显著的人群特异性和季节性特征,建议针对不同人群特征和季节变化制定差异化的预防策略和治疗方案。

关键词: 呼吸道感染, 天津地区, 病原体, 流行病学

Abstract:

Objective To characterize the epidemiology of six common respiratory pathogens-influenza A virus (IFV-A),influenza B virus (IFV-B),respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus (ADV),Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),and human rhinovirus (HRV)-and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Tianjin from April 2024 to March 2025. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from outpatients and inpatients at Tianjin First Central Hospital who presented from April 2024 to March 2025 with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (fever,cough,nasal congestion,expectoration,sneezing,sore throat,dyspnea,etc.) or who had radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Nucleic acid was extracted from all specimens; detection of the six common respiratory pathogens was performed using a multiplex nucleic acid assay,and SARS-CoV-2 testing was conducted using an approved SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test kit. Results For the six pathogen panel,6,399 specimens were tested and 2,009 were positive (overall positivity 31.40%). Pathogen-specific positivity rates were: IFV-A 8.28%,IFV-B 0.03%,RSV 1.06%,ADV 2.77%,MP 13.46%,and HRV 5.80%. By sex,overall positivity was 30.50% in males and 32.42% in females (χ2=2.707,P=0.100). By age group,positivity was 61.93% in children,25.09% in young and middle-aged adults,and 18.90% in older adults (χ2=901.013,P<0.01). Seasonal distribution showed positivity rates of 21.74% in spring,24.11% in summer,36.59% in autumn,and 39.04% in winter (χ2=171.520,P<0.01). For SARS-CoV-2,12,554 specimens were tested and 2,304 were positive (overall positivity 18.35%). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 18.01% in males and 18.77% in females (χ2=1.203,P=0.273). By age group,rates were 15.23% in children,16.36% in young and middle aged adults,and 19.75% in older adults (χ2=24.732,P<0.01). Seasonal SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were 16.94% in spring,23.08% in summer,20.54% in autumn,and 13.28% in winter (χ2=112.159,P<0.01). Conclusion From April 2024 to March 2025,respiratory pathogen detection among patients with respiratory infections in Tianjin demonstrated distinct age related and seasonal patterns. These findings support the adoption of targeted prevention and treatment measures that account for population characteristics and seasonal trends.

Key words: respiratory tract infections, Tianjin, pathogen, epidemiology

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