青少年特发性脊柱侧弯影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, AIS)是危害青少年肌肉骨骼的常见疾病,不仅影响身体形态,还可能引发慢性疼痛,严重者累及心肺功能,对青少年身心健康造成严重影响。其发病机制尚未完全阐明。现有研究表明,家族史、女性、维生素D缺乏、本体感觉障碍、体质量指数及体态异常(如骨盆前倾、扁平足)、不良的身体姿势、每日中高强度活动<60 min、电子产品使用时间过长、桌椅高度与身体不匹配、背包过重或使用单肩包是青少年AIS的影响因素。本文就青少年AIS影响因素进行综述,以期为青少年AIS的早期预防与精准干预提供参考。

关键词: 青少年, 特发性脊柱侧弯, 病因, 健康教育

中图分类号:

R195.1

张仕昌, 金贞爱. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯影响因素的研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2026, 41(8): 742-746.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.lchc.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2026.08.012

https://www.lchc.cn/CN/Y2026/V41/I8/742

参考文献 45

[1]	Herdea A, Ciobanu AI, Ulici A. Physiotherapeutic management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A focused review of the schroth method[J]. J Clin Med, 2026, 15(3): 1266.doi:10.3390/jcm15031266.
[2]	见军, 见鑫硕. 6395名中小学生脊柱侧弯情况调查分析[J]. 中国初级卫生保健, 2024, 38(3):69-73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-568X.2024.03.0018.
[3]	徐帅, 苏永佳, 王振波, 等. 中国大陆中小学生脊柱侧凸的患病特点:关于72项研究的Meta分析[J]. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2021, 31(10):901-910.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-406X.2021.10.05.
[4]	宋冰, 刘佳易. 关注和推动中国青少年特发性脊柱侧弯筛查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(08):1121-1124.doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.001.
[5]	Sarkovich S, Leonardi C, Darlow M, et al. Back pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Frequency and risk factors[J]. Spine Deform, 2024, 12(5):1319-1327.doi:10.1007/S43390-024-00904-0. pmid: 38910187
[6]	Almahmoud OH, Baniodeh B, Musleh R, et al. Overview of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors: A scoping review[J]. Int J Adolesc Med Health, 2023, 35(6): 437-441.doi:10.1515/ijamh-2023-0166. pmid: 37982659
[7]	Brigato P, Celtikcioglu E, Coluni C, et al. Preoperative pain experience and distribution in relation to mental health in Lenke type 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A prospective cross-sectional study[J]. Spine Deform, 2026, 14(4): 1307-1318.doi:10.1007/s43390-026-01328-8.
[8]	Peng Y, Wang SR, Qiu GX, et al. Research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2020, 133(4): 483-493.doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000652.
[9]	孟亚清, 侯丽明, 高雯, 等. 2022年山西省中小学生脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国健康教育, 2026, 42(4):291-295.doi:10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2026.04.001.
[10]	Aulia TN, Djufri D, Gatam L, et al. Etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): Role of genetic and environmental factors[J]. Narra J, 2023, 3(3): e217.doi: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.217. pmid: 38455619
[11]	Wu Z, Wang Y, Dai Z, et al. Genetic variants of ABO and SOX6 are associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese Han population[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(18): E1063-E1067.doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003062.
[12]	Yan Y, Wang P, Tang X, et al. Engineered Dll4-overexpressing osteocyte-derived exosomes enhanced bone regeneration by regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis[J]. Theranostics, 2026, 16(6): 2780-2797. doi:10.7150/thno.121905.
[13]	Cao L, Wang J. Roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoporosis, disease pathogenesis, and natural compound intervention[J]. Biomol Ther (Seoul), 2026, 34(1): 65.doi:10.4062/biomolther.2025.126.
[14]	李文雄, 丁凡, 付勇芳, 等. 血管紧张素II通过PI3K/Akt/FOXO1信号通路诱导骨骼肌细胞萎缩[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2021, 27(10):1448-1453.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2021.10.008.
[15]	Wu N, Wang L, Hu J, et al. A recurrent rare SOX9 variant (M469V) is associated with congenital vertebral malformations[J]. Curr Gene Ther, 2019, 19(4): 242-247.doi:10.2174/1566523219666190924120307. pmid: 31549955
[16]	Liang ZT, Guo CF, Li J, et al. The role of endocrine hormones in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. FASEB J, 2021, 35(9):e21839.doi:10.1096/FJ.202100759R.
[17]	Guisado-Cuadrado I, Romero-Parra N, Recacha-Ponce P, et al. Understanding bone metabolism biomarker variability across the menstrual cycle: A systematic review[J]. Calcif Tissue Int, 2026, 117(1): 23.doi:10.1007/s00223-026-01482-1.
[18]	韩雪, 王士安, 张玉华. 血清性激素水平与青春期女孩特发性脊柱侧弯的关系研究[J]. 河北医学, 2024, 30(7):1181-1185.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6233.2024.07.023.
[19]	Kotwicki T, Tomaszewski M, Andrusiewicz M, et al. Estrogen receptor type 1 and type 2 presence in paravertebral skeletal muscles: Expression level and relation to phenotype in children with idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Genes (Basel), 2022, 13(5): 739.doi:10.3390/genes13050739.
[20]	Kim DS, Lee JS. Vitamin D in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A meta-analysis[J]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2023, 24(1): 689.doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06793-0.
[21]	González-Ruiz JM, Bastir M, Pizones J, et al. Vitamin D and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, should we stop the hype? A cross-sectional observational prospective study based on a geometric morphometrics approach[J]. Eur Spine J, 2023, 32(4): 1132-1139.doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07566-y.
[22]	Al-Daghri NM, Alenad AM, Sabico S, et al. Vitamin D metabolite ratio as a marker of nutritional bone health in adolescents[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2026, 257: 106918.doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106918.
[23]	Yu X, Tian G, Wang Y, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM1447 effectively alleviates osteoporosis by enriching intestinal flora capable of vitamin D conversion[J]. Front Nutr, 2025, 12: 1647671.doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1647671.
[24]	Lee RK, Griffith JF, Leung JH, et al. Effect of upright position on tonsillar level in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(8): 2397-2402.doi:10.1007/s00330-015-3597-3. pmid: 25791638
[25]	Paramento M, Passarotto E, Maccarone MC, et al. Neurophysiological, balance and motion evidence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review[J]. PLoS One, 2024, 19(5): e0303086.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303086.
[26]	Mortensen ES, Christensen MS. Proprioceptive integration in motor control[J]. J Physiol, 2026, 604(8): 3431-3456.doi: 10.1113/JP289835.
[27]	Lau KKL, Law KKP, Kwan KYH, et al. Timely revisit of proprioceptive deficits in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Global Spine J, 2022, 12(8):1852-1861. doi: 10.1177/21925682211066824.
[28]	Blecher R, Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Assaraf E, et al. New functions for the proprioceptive system in skeletal biology[J]. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2018, 373(1759): 20170327.doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0327.
[29]	Kaya MH, Büyükturan Ö, Büyükturan B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of the Schroth method and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled, single-blinded study[J]. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2025, 43: 35-41.doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.04.003. pmid: 40483147
[30]	吴爱悯, 郭振宇, 王向阳. 脊柱生物力学2023年度研究进展[J]. 医用生物力学, 2024, 39(2):187-196.doi:10.16156/j.1004-7220.2024.02.001.
[31]	Otomo N, Khanshour AM, Koido M, et al. Evidence of causality of low body mass index on risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A Mendelian randomization study[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023, 14: 1089414.doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1089414.
[32]	Kim S, Uhm JY, Chae DH, et al. Low body mass index for early screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A comparison based on standardized body mass index classifications[J]. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci), 2020, 14(1): 24-29.doi:10.1016/j.anr.2019.12.003.
[33]	Linden GS, Hresko MT, Cook D, et al. The effects of body mass index and spine flexibility on surgical outcomes for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2022, 47(21): 1483-1488.doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000004443.
[34]	田飞, 杨一帆, 丁桃. 青少年脊柱侧凸的生物力学因素相关性研究[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(4):453-456.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2018.04.014.
[35]	Pizones J, Chang DG, Suk SI, et al. Current biomechanical theories on the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Spine Deform, 2024, 12(2): 247-255.doi:10.1007/s43390-023-00787-7.
[36]	Fan Y, To MK, Yeung EHK, et al. Electromyographic discrepancy in paravertebral muscle activity predicts early curve progression of untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Asian Spine J, 2023, 17(5): 922-932. doi:10.31616/asj.2023.0199. pmid: 37690987
[37]	Dou Q, Zhu Z, Zhu L, et al. Academic-related factors and daily lifestyle habits associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A case-control study[J]. Environ Health Prev Med, 2023, 28: 23.doi:10.1265/ehpm.22-00243.
[38]	李凯洋, 郭建军, 荣湘江, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯可控的危险因素分析[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2023, 24(1):73-76.doi:10.16506/j.1009-6639.2023.01.014.
[39]	杨一卓, 刘倩, 荣湘江, 等. 体医融合下的青少年特发性脊柱侧弯治疗[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2023, 24(1):77-80.doi:10.16506/j.1009-6639.2023.01.015.
[40]	Newman M, Hannink E, Barker KL. Associations between physical activity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2023, 104(8):1314-1330.doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.01.019.
[41]	Glavaš J, Rumboldt M, Karin Ž, et al. The impact of physical activity on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Life(Basel), 2023, 13(5): 1180. doi:10.3390/life13051180.
[42]	Dar G, Elbaz L, Vilnai T, et al. Hyperlaxity and low bone mass predispose young female gymnasts to develop scoliosis suspected status[J]. Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1): 22827.doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05895-0.
[43]	Zhu L, Ru S, Wang W, et al. Associations of physical activity and screen time with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Environ Health Prev Med, 2023, 28: 55.doi:10.1265/ehpm.23-00004.
[44]	Khadour FA, Khadour YA, Albarroush D. Association between postural habits and lifestyle factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Syria[J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 26784.doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77712-z.
[45]	Jin L, Wei QE, Dong J, et al. Modifiable factors affecting the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese students: Insights from a questionnaire survey on abnormal performance[J]. BMC Public Health, 2025, 25(1): 1489.doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22666-8.

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯影响因素的研究进展

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 45

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘东斐, 姜昱成, 王占峰. 运动对中国睡眠障碍青少年睡眠质量干预效果的meta分析[J]. 临床荟萃, 2026, 41(5): 389-398.
[2]	王小丫, 刘晓娟, 刘军艳, 李宇轩, 李元霞. 延安市青少年心理健康状况及相关因素[J]. 临床荟萃, 2026, 41(3): 241-248.
[3]	林彬城, 林刚曦. 病因、术前病程对药物难治性癫痫患儿疗效的影响[J]. 临床荟萃, 2025, 40(6): 527-531.
[4]	冯雨慧, 邹兰兰, 崔晨航, 黄先杰, 乔俊英. 血清标志物联合检测对儿童呼吸窘迫综合征早期预测的临床价值[J]. 临床荟萃, 2025, 40(3): 237-242.
[5]	字颖, 施雨辰, 施荣杰. 淋巴管平滑肌瘤病研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2025, 40(2): 189-192.
[6]	周颖, 周芳芳. 社区获得性急性肾损伤的流行病学研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2024, 39(9): 847-850.
[7]	冯雨慧, 邹兰兰, 李凡, 崔晨航, 乔俊英. 血清血管性血友病因子在急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者中表达的meta分析[J]. 临床荟萃, 2024, 39(10): 877-881.
[8]	段登艾, 邓燕, 张志雄, 谷樟林. 辩证行为疗法联合舍曲林对伴有非自杀性自伤的青少年抑郁障碍患者的影响[J]. 临床荟萃, 2023, 38(4): 319-323.
[9]	胡芳芳, 钟世玲, 狄亚珍, 吴菱. 幼年特发性关节炎患儿血管内皮功能的系统评价和meta分析[J]. 临床荟萃, 2022, 37(3): 204-210.
[10]	曲伊平, 梁慧杰, 陈允恩. 重复经颅磁刺激治疗青少年抑郁症认知功能损害的研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2022, 37(10): 957-960.
[11]	陈雪峰, 李一君, 杨国庆, 窦京涛, 吕朝晖, 母义明. 青少年淋巴细胞性垂体炎4例并文献复习[J]. 临床荟萃, 2021, 36(9): 832-838.
[12]	牛巍巍，张晓岚. 慢性胃炎的治疗策略[J]. 临床荟萃, 2019, 34(5): 412-415.
[13]	Jencia Wong1，邢玉微2，许樟荣3. 青少年发病的2型糖尿病:挑战和临床思考[J]. 临床荟萃, 2019, 34(11): 1022-1025.
[14]	刘芳, 沈凌花, 卫海燕, 陈永兴. 特发性矮身材的研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2019, 34(10): 875-879.
[15]	谢庆云a，魏萌b. DNA甲基化在骨关节炎中的研究进展[J]. 临床荟萃, 2017, 32(9): 824-828.