临床荟萃 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1068-1072.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.12.002

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

PIV、CD93在病毒性脑炎、自身免疫性脑炎鉴别诊断中的应用价值

马伟锋a, 于春艳b, 冉倩a, 李帅旗c, 范崇桂a()   

  1. a.南阳市中心医院 神经内科,河南 南阳 473000
    b.南阳市中心医院 呼吸与危重症医学科,河南 南阳 473000
    c.南阳市中心医院 康复科,河南 南阳 473000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-14 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 范崇桂,Email:fcg25812@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    2023年度南阳市基础与前沿技术研究专项计划——B细胞清除疗法在神经免疫相关疾病中的机制及临床价值研究(23JCQY2051)

Application values of PIV and CD93 in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis

Ma Weifenga, Yu Chunyanb, Ran Qiana, Li Shuaiqic, Fan Chongguia()   

  1. a. Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
    b. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
    c. Department of Rehabilitation, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000, China
  • Received:2025-11-14 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-30
  • Contact: Fan Chonggui,Email:fcg25812@126.com

摘要:

目的 探讨泛免疫炎症值(pan-immune inflammation value,PIV)和白细胞分化抗原 93 (cluster of Differentiation 93,CD93)在病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis,VE)、自身免疫性脑炎(autoimmune encephalitis,AE)中的应用价值。方法 回顾性选取2023年1月-2025年1月在南阳市中心医院就诊的160例急性期脑炎患者,其中VE患者74例,纳入VE组,AE患者86例,纳入AE组。比较两组临床特征及PIV、CD93水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线评价各项指标鉴别AE和VE的效能。结果 两组在发病形式、发病半球、前驱症状、影像学累及颞叶等临床体征上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VE组血清CD93、淋巴细胞绝对值显著低于AE组,中性粒细胞绝对值、单核细胞绝对值、PIV值显著高于AE组(P<0.05);两组血小板计数水平相当(P>0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,发病形式、前驱症状、血清CD93以及PIV值均是鉴别VE、AE的有效指标(P<0.05);ROC结果显示,单一指标诊断时,血清CD93的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)高于PIV(0.936 vs 0.689),诊断的敏感度及特异度均高于PIV(85.29% vs 75.00%;90.27% vs 54.00%),二者联合诊断效能显著高于单一诊断,其AUC值、敏感度、特异度分别为0.976、95.00%、88.00%(P<0.05)。结论 血清CD93和PIV是鉴别VE与AE的有效指标,二者联合诊断效能显著优于单一指标,敏感度和特异度均较高。

关键词: 脑炎, 病毒性, 自身免疫性脑炎, 泛免疫炎症值, 白细胞分化抗原93, 鉴别诊断

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the application values of pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93) in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis (VE) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Methods A total of 160 patients with acute encephalitis admitted to Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Among them,74 patients were diagnosed with VE (VE group) and 86 with AE (AE group). Clinical features,PIV,and CD93 levels were compared between the two groups. The efficacy of these indicators in distinguishing AE from VE was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in clinical features,including mode of onset,affected hemisphere,prodromal symptoms,and temporal lobe involvement on imaging (P<0.05). Compared with the AE group,patients in the VE group exhibited significantly lower serum CD93 and absolute lymphocyte count,and significantly higher absolute neutrophil count,absolute monocyte count and PIV (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in platelet count between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the mode of onset,prodromal symptoms,serum CD93,and PIV were significant indicators that effectively distinguished VE from AE (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the single indicator of serum CD93 had a larger area under the curve (AUC,0.936 vs 0.689),sensitivity (85.29% vs 75.00%) and specificity (90.27% vs 54.00%) than PIV in the differential diagnosis of VE and AE. Their combination significantly improved diagnostic performance,with an AUC of 0.976,a sensitivity of 95.00%,and a specificity of 88.00%(P<0.05). Conclusion Serum CD93 and PIV are useful markers for distinguishing VE from AE. Their combination demonstrates significantly better diagnostic efficacy than either marker alone,with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Key words: encephalitis, viral, autoimmune encephalitis, pan-immune-inflammation value, cluster of differentiation 93, differential diagnosis

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